Essential Statistics 2nd Edition Gould Solutions Manual

1. Introduction to Data

Case Study–Deadly Cell Phones?

1.1 What Are Data?

1.2 Classifying and Storing Data

1.3 Organizing Categorical Data

1.4 Collecting Data to Understand Causality

Exploring Statistics–Collecting a Table of Different Kinds of Data

2. Picturing Variation with Graphs

Case Study–Student-to-Teacher Ratio at Colleges

2.1 Visualizing Variation in Numerical Data

2.2 Summarizing Important Features of a Numerical Distribution

2.3 Visualizing Variation in Categorical Variables

2.4 Summarizing Categorical Distributions

2.5 Interpreting Graphs

Exploring Statistics–Personal Distance

3. Numerical Summaries of Center and Variation

Case Study–Living in a Risky World

3.1 Summaries for Symmetric Distributions

3.2 What’s Unusual? The Empirical Rule and z-Scores

3.3 Summaries for Skewed Distributions

3.4 Comparing Measures of Center

3.5 Using Boxplots for Displaying Summaries

Exploring Statistics–Does Reaction Distance Depend on Gender?

4. Regression Analysis: Exploring Associations between Variables

Case Study–Catching Meter Thieves

4.1 Visualizing Variability with a Scatterplot

4.2 Measuring Strength of Association with Correlation

4.3 Modeling Linear Trends

4.4 Evaluating the Linear Model

Exploring Statistics–Guessing the Age of Famous People

5. Modeling Variation with Probability

Case Study–SIDS or Murder?

5.1 What Is Randomness?

5.2 Finding Theoretical Probabilities

5.3 Associations in Categorical Variables

5.4 Finding Empirical Probabilities

Exploring Statistics–Let’s Make a Deal: Stay or Switch?

6. Modeling Random Events: The Normal and Binomial Models

Case Study–You Sometimes Get More Than You Pay For

6.1 Probability Distributions Are Models of Random Experiments

6.2 The Normal Model

6.3 The Binomial Model (optional)

Exploring Statistics–ESP with Coin Flipping

7. Survey Sampling and Inference

Case Study–Spring Break Fever: Just What the Doctors Ordered?

7.1 Learning about the World through Surveys

7.2 Measuring the Quality of a Survey

7.3 The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Proportions

7.4 Estimating the Population Proportion with Confidence Intervals

7.5 Comparing Two Population Proportions with Confidence

Exploring Statistics–Simple Random Sampling Prevents Bias

8. Hypothesis Testing for Population Proportions

Case Study–Dodging the Question

8.1 The Essential Ingredients of Hypothesis Testing

8.2 Hypothesis Testing in Four Steps

8.3 Hypothesis Tests in Detail

8.4 Comparing Proportions from Two Populations

Exploring Statistics–Identifying Flavors of Gum through Smell

9. Inferring Population Means

Case Study–Epilepsy Drugs and Children

9.1 Sample Means of Random Samples

9.2 The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Means

9.3 Answering Questions about the Mean of a Population

9.4 Hypothesis Testing for Means

9.5 Comparing Two Population Means

9.6 Overview of Analyzing Means

Exploring Statistics–Pulse Rates

10. Analyzing Categorical Variables and Interpreting Research

Case Study–Popping Better Popcorn

10.1 The Basic Ingredients for Testing with Categorical Variables

10.2 Chi-Square Tests for Associations between Categorical Variables

10.3 Reading Research Papers

Exploring Statistics–Skittles

Appendix A Tables

Appendix B Check Your Tech Answers

Appendix C Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

Appendix D Credits

Index