Macroeconomics for Life Smart Choices for All Canadian 2nd Edition Cohen Solutions Manual
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Macroeconomics for Life Smart Choices for All Canadian 2nd Edition Cohen Solutions Manual.
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This is completed downloadable of Macroeconomics for Life Smart Choices for All Canadian 2nd Edition Cohen Solutions Manual
Product Details:
- ISBN-10 : 0133135845
- ISBN-13 : 978-0133135848
- Author: Avi J. Cohen
Micro/Macro Economics for Life 2e addresses the growing market needs and trends toward a literacy targeted approach to teaching economics, supported by an active-learning pedagogy and premium online teaching and learning resources.
Macroeconomics for Life offers a new narrative-driven approach to learning and teaching economics that demonstrates the relevance of economics to students. Accessible language and graphs, engaging first-person writing, a less-mathematical approach, and practical examples connect economics to students’ lives in a meaningful way. This text helps students become economically literate citizens, unlike traditional texts which prepare them to become economics majors.
Table of Content:
- 1 What’s in Economics for You? Scarcity, Opportunity Cost, Trade, and Models
- 1 What’s in Economics for You?
- Are You Getting Enough? Scarcity and Choice
- Refresh 1.1
- Give It Up for Opportunity Cost! Opportunity Cost
- Opportunity Cost Beats Money Cost
- Economics Out There: Where Have All the Men Gone?
- Incentives Work
- Refresh 1.2
- Why Don’t You Cook Breakfast? Gains from Trade
- Voluntary Trade
- Bake or Chop?
- Production Possibilities Frontier
- Deal or No Deal? Do the Numbers
- Comparative Advantage
- Smart Deals
- Achieving the Impossible
- Refresh 1.3
- Economists as Mapmakers and Scientists: Thinking Like an Economist
- Why Maps (and Economists) Are Useful
- The Circular Flow of Economic Life
- Economic Models
- Follow the Flow Clockwise
- Models as the Economist’s Laboratory
- All Other Things Unchanged
- Economics Out There: Do You Want to Be an Online Gamer Economist?
- Positive and Normative Statements
- Refresh 1.4
- Where and How to Look: Models for Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
- It’s All Greek to Me: Microeconomics or Macroeconomics?
- Macroeconomics
- Looking at the Trees or the Forest?
- Three Keys to Smart Choices: Weigh Marginal Benefits and Marginal Costs
- Key 1: Opportunity Costs Rule
- Key 2: Look Forward Only to Additional Benefits and Opportunity Costs
- Key 3: Implicit Costs and Externalities Count, Too
- Negative Externalities
- Positive Externalities
- Moving On
- Refresh 1.5
- Study Guide: Chapter 1 Summary
- 1.2 Give It Up for Opportunity Cost! Opportunity Cost
- 1.3 Why Don’t You Cook Breakfast? Gains from Trade
- 1.4 Economists as Mapmakers and Scientists: Thinking Like an Economist
- 1.5 Where and How to Look: Models for Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 2 Making Smart Choices The Law of Demand
- 2 Making Smart Choices The Law of Demand
- Put Your Money Where Your Mouth Is: Weighing Benefits, Costs, and Substitutes
- How Badly Do You Want It?
- What Will You Give Up?
- Refresh 2.1
- Living on the Edge: Smart Choices Are Marginal Choices
- Marginal Benefits Decrease with Quantity
- Economics Out There: Coke’s Automatic Price Gouging
- The Diamond/Water Paradox
- Refresh 2.2
- Move On When the Price Isn’t Right: The Law of Demand
- Quantity Demanded
- Changing Prices Change Quantity Demanded
- Water or Brooms?
- The Law of Demand
- Market Demand Curve for Water
- Economizing Decisions
- Two Ways to Read a Demand Curve
- Demand Curve
- Marginal Benefit Curve
- The Demand Curve Is Also a Marginal Benefit Curve
- Refresh 2.3
- Moving the Margins: What Can Change Demand?
- Why Bother Distinguishing between Quantity Demanded and Demand?
- Controlled Experiments
- Five Ways to Change Demand and Shift the Demand Curve
- Preferences
- Prices of Related Products
- Economics Out There: Diamond Engagement Rings Were Not Forever
- Income
- Economics Out There: If I Had $1 000 000 Dollars
- Expected Future Prices
- Number of Consumers
- Moving Along or Shifting the Demand Curve
- Saving the Law of Demand
- Refresh 2.4
- Study Guide: Chapter 2 Summary
- 2.2 Living on the Edge: Smart Choices Are Marginal Choices
- 2.3 Move On When the Price Isn’t Right: The Law of Demand
- 2.4 Moving the Margins: What Can Change Demand?
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 3 Show Me the Money The Law of Supply
- 3 Show Me the Money The Law of Supply
- What Does It Really Cost? Costs Are Opportunity Costs
- Marginal Cost
- How Demand and Supply Choices Are Similar
- How Demand and Supply Choices Are Different
- What Do Inputs Really Cost?
- Marginal Costs Are Ultimately Opportunity Costs
- Refresh 3.1
- Forget It, It’s History: Sunk Costs Don’t Matter for Future Choices
- Refresh 3.2
- More for More Money: The Law of Supply
- Quantity Supplied
- Body Piercings or Nail Sets?
- Paola’s Parlour’s Production Possibilities Frontier
- Increasing Marginal Opportunity Costs
- Opportunity Costs Are Marginal Costs
- Paying for Opportunity Costs
- Why Marginal Opportunity Costs Increase
- When Marginal Opportunity Costs Are Constant
- The Law of Supply
- Supply Curve of Piercings
- Two Ways to Read a Supply Curve
- Supply Curve
- Marginal Cost Curve
- The Supply Curve Is Also a Marginal Cost Curve
- Refresh 3.3
- Changing the Bottom Line: What Can Change Supply?
- Economics Out There: Uncorking the Okanagan
- Six Ways to Change Supply and Shift the Supply Curve
- Technology
- Economics Out There: Army of Noodle-Shaving Robots Invades Restaurants
- Environment
- Price of Inputs
- Prices of Related Products and Services
- Expected Future Prices
- Number of Businesses
- Moving Along or Shifting the Supply Curve
- Saving the Law of Supply
- Refresh 3.4
- Study Guide: Chapter 3 Summary
- 3.2 Forget It, It’s History: Sunk Costs Don’t Matter for Future Choices
- 3.3 More for More Money: The Law of Supply
- 3.4 Changing the Bottom Line: What Can Change Supply?
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 4 Coordinating Smart Choices Demand and Supply
- 4 Coordinating Smart Choices Demand and Supply
- What’s a Market?
- Markets Mix Competition and Cooperation
- The Rules of the Game
- Can I Trust You?
- Refresh 4.1
- Where Do Prices Come From? Price Signals from Combining Demand and Supply
- Economics Out There: Rules of the Game Are Necessary for All Games, Not Just Markets
- Prices in Action
- Demand Meets Supply
- Frustrated Buyers
- Frustrated Sellers
- Adjusting Prices and Quantities
- Self-Interest at Work
- Refresh 4.2
- When Prices Sit Still: Market-Clearing or Equilibrium Prices
- Market-Clearing Price
- Equilibrium Price
- The Invisible Hand
- Refresh 4.3
- Moving Targets: What Happens When Demand and Supply Change?
- Changes in Demand
- Decrease in Demand
- Changes in Supply
- Decrease in Supply
- Economics Out There: Lobsters Galore!
- Combining Changes in Demand and Supply
- Increase in Both Demand and Supply
- Decrease in Both Demand and Supply
- Increase in Demand and Decrease in Supply
- Decrease in Demand and Increase in Supply
- Putting It All Together
- Economists Do It with Models
- Start in Equilibrium
- One Change at a Time
- Refresh 4.4
- Getting More Than You Bargained For: Consumer Surplus, Producer Surplus, and Efficiency
- Consumer Surplus
- Producer Surplus
- Economic Efficiency
- Marginal Benefit Greater Than Marginal Cost
- Marginal Cost Greater Than Marginal Benefit
- Comparing Total Surplus
- Efficient Market Outcome
- Too Good to Be True?
- Refresh 4.5
- Study Guide: Chapter 4 Summary
- 4.2 Where Do Prices Come From? Price Signals from Combining Demand and Supply
- 4.3 When Prices Sit Still: Market-Clearing or Equilibrium Prices
- 4.4 Moving Targets: What Happens When Demand and Supply Change?
- 4.5 Getting More Than You Bargained For: Consumer Surplus, Producer Surplus, and Efficiency
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 5 Are Your Smart Choices Smart for All? Macroeconomics and Microeconomics
- 5 Are Your Smart Choices Smart for All? Macroeconomics and Microeconomics
- Is the Whole Greater Than the Sum of the Parts? Reconciling Macroeconomics and Microeconomics
- The Global Financial Crisis and the Great Depression
- The Global Financial Crisis
- The Great Depression
- Government Blunders
- Macroeconomics
- What Happened to the Miracle of Markets?
- Microeconomics
- Fallacy of Composition
- Paradox of Thrift
- Connections between Input and Output Markets
- The Macroeconomic Connection
- Money, Banks, and Expectations
- Do Market Economies Quickly Self-Adjust?
- The Fundamental Macroeconomic Question
- Say’s Law
- Keynesian Revolution
- Expectations
- Introducing Macroeconomics
- Refresh 5.1
- Should Government Be Hands-Off or Hands-On? Economics and Politics
- Market Failure versus Government Failure
- Market Failure
- Government Failure
- Economics Out There: Government as the Problem, Markets as the Solution
- “Yes — Left Alone, Markets Self-Adjust”
- Hands-Off
- “No — Left Alone, Markets Fail Often”
- Hands-On
- Economics Out There: “Fear the Boom and Bust” — A Hayek vs. Keynes Rap Anthem
- Are “Yes” and “No” the Only Answers? Macroeconomic Agreements
- The Fundamental Macroeconomic Question: Comparing Camps
- Refresh 5.2
- Adding Up Everyone’s Choices: Macroeconomic Outcomes and Players
- Three Key Macroeconomic Outcomes
- Unemployment
- Inflation
- Overview
- Can’t Tell the Players without a Scorecard: Macroeconomic Players
- Households as Consumers
- Businesses
- Government
- Government Choices
- Bank of Canada and the Banking System
- Rest of the World (R.O.W.)
- Refresh 5.3
- Focusing on Your Future: Why You Should Think Like a Macroeconomist
- Your Economic Future: Reason 1 for Thinking Like a Macroeconomist
- GDP
- Unemployment
- Inflation
- Even More Macroeconomics in Your Life
- Your Vote Matters: Reason 2 for Thinking Like a Macroeconomist
- You, Too, Can Think Enough Like a Macroeconomist
- Circular Flow Connections
- Hands-Off or Hands-On?
- Refresh 5.4
- Study Guide: Chapter 5 Summary
- 5.2 Should Government Be Hands-Off or Hands-On? Economics and Politics
- 5.3 Adding Up Everyone’s Choices: Macroeconomic Outcomes and Players
- 5.4 Focusing on Your Future: Why You Should Think Like a Macroeconomist
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 6 Up Around the Circular Flow GDP, Economic Growth, and Business Cycles
- 6 Up Around the Circular Flow GDP, Economic Growth, and Business Cycles
- Higher Prices, More Stuff, or Both? Nominal GDP and Real GDP
- Nominal GDP
- Current Prices
- Final Products and Services
- Produced Annually
- In a Country
- Graphing GDP
- Real GDP
- Real GDP per Person
- Refresh 6.1
- How to Measure GDP: Value Added and the Enlarged Circular Flow
- Value Added without Double Counting
- Double Counting
- Value Added Equals Value of Final Products and Services
- Value Added Equals Inputs’ Incomes
- Circular Flow of Income and Spending
- Enlarging the Circular Flow: Adding R.O.W.
- Income and Consumer Spending
- Business Investment Spending
- Government Spending on Products and Services
- R.O.W. Exports and Imports
- Aggregate Spending Equals Aggregate Income
- Why Subtract Imports?
- Enlarging the Circular Flow: Adding Banks
- Consumer Choices
- Business Choices
- Government Choices
- R.O.W. Choices
- Banks
- Say’s Law with Banks
- Enough Measuring
- Refresh 6.2
- When Macroeconomic Dreams Come True: Potential GDP and Economic Growth
- Potential GDP
- Potential GDP per Person
- Economic Growth
- Economic Growth and Production Possibilities Frontier
- Labour
- Capital
- Land and Other Natural Resources
- Entrepreneurship
- Expanding the Circular Flow
- Economics Out There: Wikinomics
- Measuring Economic Growth Rates
- Historical Growth Rates
- What’s in a Number?
- Compounding and the Rule of 70
- Productivity, Growth, and Living Standards
- Work Time per Purchase
- Productivity Is Everything
- Competition and Creative Destruction
- Refresh 6.3
- Boom and Bust: Business Cycles
- How to Speak Business Cycles
- Phases of a Business Cycle
- Output Gaps, Unemployment, and Inflation
- Refresh 6.4
- My GDP Is Bigger Than Yours: What’s Wrong with GDP as a Measure of Well-Being?
- What’s Missing from Real GDP?
- Underground Economy
- Environmental Damage
- Leisure
- Political Freedoms and Social Justice
- Growth Rates of Real GDP per Person are Better
- Where Would You Rather Live?
- Refresh 6.5
- Study Guide: Chapter 6 Summary
- 6.2 How to Measure GDP: Value Added and the Enlarged Circular Flow
- 6.3 When Macroeconomic Dreams Come True: Potential GDP and Economic Growth
- 6.4 Boom and Bust: Business Cycles
- 6.5 My GDP Is Bigger Than Yours: What’s Wrong with GDP as a Measure of Well-Being?
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 7 Costs of (Not) Working and Living Unemployment and Inflation
- 7 Costs of (Not) Working and Living Unemployment and Inflation
- Who Is Unemployed? Healthy and Unhealthy Types of Unemployment
- Out of Work Is Not Enough
- Calculating the Unemployment Rate
- Unemployment in Canada
- What the Unemployment Rate Misses
- Involuntary Part-Time Workers
- Discouraged Workers
- Economics Out There: Jobless Picture May Be Even Worse
- Regional Differences
- Healthy and Unhealthy Unemployment
- Frictional Unemployment
- Structural Unemployment
- Seasonal Unemployment
- Cyclical Unemployment
- Refresh 7.1
- How Full Is “Full Employment?” The Natural Rate of Unemployment
- Natural Rate of Unemployment and Potential GDP
- Recessionary Gap
- Inflationary Gap
- What Is the Natural Rate of Unemployment?
- Refresh 7.2
- Lightening Up Your Wallet: What Is Inflation?
- Consumer Price Index
- The CPI Shopping Basket
- Calculating the CPI
- Measuring the Inflation Rate
- Inflation in Canada
- Economics Out There: The Bank of Canada’s Inflation Calculator
- Core Inflation Rate
- Why Worry about Inflation?
- Falling Value of Money
- Falling Value of Money and Interest Rates
- Unpredictable Prices Discourage Planning and Investment
- Danger of Self-Fulfilling Expectations
- Acceptable Inflation
- Dangerous Downward Spirals: If Low Inflation Is OK, Is Deflation Better?
- Savers and Borrowers
- Falling Asset Values
- The Lesson of Japanese Deflation
- What the Inflation Rate Misses
- Standard of Living versus Cost of Living
- Switch to Cheaper Substitutes
- New and Better Products
- Refresh 7.3
- Inflation Starts with “M” The Quantity Theory of Money
- Money and the Circular Flow
- V is for Velocity
- P × Q is for Nominal GDP
- Fixing the Quantity Theory of Money
- More Money Causes Inflation
- Refresh 7.4
- When Tim Hortons Pays $18 per Hour: Unemployment and Inflation Trade-offs
- The Phillips Curve
- Demand-Pull Inflation
- Downward Demand-Pull Deflation
- OPEC Ends the Original Phillips Curve
- Supply Shocks and Cost-Push Inflation
- Cost-Push Inflation
- The Original Phillips Curve and Beyond
- Long-Run Phillips Curve
- Refresh 7.5
- Study Guide: Chapter 7 Summary
- 7.2 How Full Is “Full Employment?” The Natural Rate of Unemployment
- 7.3 Lightening Up Your Wallet: What Is Inflation?
- 7.4 Inflation Starts with “M” The Quantity Theory of Money
- 7.5 When Tim Hortons Pays $18 per Hour: Unemployment and Inflation Trade-offs
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 8 Skating to Where the Puck Is Going Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand
- 8 Skating to Where the Puck Is Going Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand
- Macroeconomic Performance Targets: Potential GDP and Long-Run Aggregate Supply
- From Production Possibilities Frontier to Long-Run Aggregate Supply
- Production Possibilities Frontier
- Long-Run Aggregate Supply
- Long Run versus Short Run
- Refresh 8.1
- If You Plan and Build It . . . Short-Run Aggregate Supply
- Short-Run Supply Plans with Existing Inputs
- Short-Run Aggregate Supply Curve
- The Law of Short-Run Aggregate Supply
- Supply Plans to Increase Inputs
- Increase in Potential GDP and Aggregate Supply
- Moving Along Curves versus Shifting Curves
- Changes in Input Prices and Aggregate Supply
- Supply Shocks and Short-Run Aggregate Supply
- Negative Supply Shocks Decrease Short-Run Aggregate Supply
- Positive Supply Shocks Increase Short-Run Aggregate Supply
- Will Supply Create Its Own Demand?
- Refresh 8.2
- . . . Will They Come and Buy It? Aggregate Demand
- Demand Plans and the Circular Flow
- Only One Aggregate Demand
- Aggregate Demand Curve
- Aggregate Demand
- The Law of Aggregate Demand
- Substitutions from R.O.W.
- Consumer Demand Choices: C is for Consumer Spending
- Business Demand Choices: I is for Business Investment Spending
- Investment Can Be Postponed
- Government Demand Choices: G is for Government Spending on Products and Services
- R.O.W. Demand Choices: X is for R.O.W. Spending on Canadian Exports
- Imports: IM Eliminates Canadian Choices from R.O.W. Spending
- Repeat Your Mantra: C + I + G + X – IM = Y
- Demand Shocks and Aggregate Demand
- Expectations
- Interest Rates
- Economics Out There: Putting Off Business Investment
- Government Policy
- GDP in R.O.W.
- Exchange Rates
- Aggregate Demand Summary
- Refresh 8.3
- Hit or Miss the Macroeconomic Performance Targets? The Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Model
- Hitting the Targets: Long-Run Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Equilibrium
- Short-Run Equilibrium with Existing Inputs
- Long-Run Equilibrium with Existing Inputs
- Equilibrium over Time with Increasing Inputs
- Living Standards
- Stable Prices
- Loanable Funds Market
- Rescuing Say’s Law over Time
- Rising Living Standards
- Missed Targets and Business Cycles
- Negative Demand Shocks
- Positive Demand Shocks
- Negative Supply Shocks
- Positive Supply Shocks
- Economic Life Is Full of Shocks
- Agreement between Camps?
- Refresh 8.4
- Shocking Starts and Finishes: Origins and Responses to Business Cycles
- Yes — Markets Self-Adjust, So Hands-Off
- Origins of Shocks and Business Cycles — “Yes” Camp
- Rational Expectations
- Market Price Responses to Business Cycles
- No — Markets Fail Often, So Hands-On
- Origins of Shocks and Business Cycles — “No” Camp
- Volatile Expectations and Money
- Market Price Responses to Business Cycles
- Yes or No: How Do You Decide?
- Comparing Camps: Origins of Shocks and Business Cycles
- Refresh 8.5
- Study Guide: Chapter 8 Summary
- 8.2 If You Plan and Build It . . . Short-Run Aggregate Supply
- 8.3 . . . Will They Come and Buy It? Aggregate Demand
- 8.4 Hit or Miss the Macroeconomic Performance Targets? The Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand Model
- 8.5 Shocking Starts and Finishes: Origins and Responses to Business Cycles
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 9 Money Is for Lunatics Demanders and Suppliers of Money
- 9 Money Is for Lunatics Demanders and Suppliers of Money
- Is It Smart to Not Want Money? Demand for Money
- What Does Money Do?
- Unit of Account
- Store of Value
- Are There Three Functions of Money?
- Why Hold Money?
- Liquidity
- What Money Can Buy and Bonds Can’t
- Why Hold Money to Store Value?
- Economics Out There: Canadians Sitting on a $1-Trillion Pile of Idle Cash
- How Much Money to Hold? Interest Rates and the Demand for Money
- Interest Rate as the Price of Money
- Macroeconomic Demand for Money
- What Changes the Demand for Money? Real GDP and Average Price Level
- Real GDP
- Average Price Level
- Refresh 9.1
- Legal Counterfeiting? Supply of Money
- Commodity Money
- Convertible Paper Money
- Fiat Money
- Deposit Money
- Economics Out There: Card Money in New France
- Measuring the Money Supply
- M1+ and M2+
- The Bank of Canada: Canada’s Central Bank
- Issuing Currency
- Banker to Chartered Banks
- Lender of Last Resort
- Banker to Government
- Conducting Monetary Policy
- How Banks Create Money: Profits versus Prudence
- An Offer You Can’t Refuse
- Making Money by Making Money
- Economics Out There: Banking Begins on the Street
- Loans and Money Creation Go Together
- Look Ma, No Reserves!
- Probabilities and Bank Runs
- Bank Profits versus Prudence
- The Supply of Money
- Higher Interest Rates, More Loans, Increased Quantity of Money Supplied
- Refresh 9.2
- What Is the Price of Money? Interest Rates, Money, and Bonds
- Opposites by Nature: Bond Prices and Interest Rates
- When Interest Rates Change, So Do Bond Prices
- Why Bonds Are Risky and Less Liquid Than Money
- Money Markets, Loanable Funds Markets, and Interest Rates
- Excess Demand for Money
- Excess Supply of Money
- A Multitude of Interest Rates
- Refresh 9.3
- Does Money Make the Real World Go Around? Domestic Transmission Mechanism from Money to Real GDP
- Money and Aggregate Supply
- Money Does Not Directly Affect Aggregate Supply
- Money and Aggregate Demand
- Domestic Transmission Mechanism between Money and Real GDP
- Lower Interest Rates Are a Positive Aggregate Demand Shock
- Higher Interest Rates Are a Negative Aggregate Demand Shock
- Refresh 9.4
- “Yes, Markets Self-Adjust” and “No, Markets Fail Often” as Facebook Friends? How Much Does Money Matter for Business Cycles?
- How Much Does Money Matter? “Yes — Markets Self-Adjust” Answer — “Not Much”
- Money Does Not Affect How Often Business Cycles Happen
- Money Helps Markets Adjust
- How Much Does Money Matter? “No — Markets Fail Often” Answer — “A Lot”
- Money Causes Business Cycles by Creating a Way Not to Spend
- Money Slows Market Adjustments
- Comparing Camps: How Much Money Matters for Business Cycles
- Refresh 9.5
- Study Guide: Chapter 9 Summary
- 9.2 Legal Counterfeiting? Supply of Money
- 9.3 What Is the Price of Money? Interest Rates, Money, and Bonds
- 9.4 Does Money Make the Real World Go Around? Domestic Transmission Mechanism from Money to Real GDP
- 9.5 “Yes — Markets Self-Adjust” and “No — Markets Fail Often” as Facebook Friends? How Much Does Money Matter for Business Cycles?
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 10 Trading Dollars for Dollars? Exchange Rates and Payments with the Rest of the World
- 10 Trading Dollars for Dollars? Exchange Rates and Payments with the Rest of the World
- Shuffling Off to Buffalo: Demand and Supply of Canadian Dollars
- How Much Does That Dollar Cost?
- Appreciation and Depreciation
- Non-Canadians Demanding Canadian Dollars
- Demand for Canadian Exports and Assets
- Law of Demand for Canadian Dollars
- Export Effect
- Supplying Canadian Dollars to Non-Canadians
- Demand for Imports and Foreign Assets
- Law of Supply for Canadian Dollars
- Import Effect
- The Prices of the Canadian Dollar: Foreign Exchange Rates
- Equilibrium Exchange Rate
- Excess Demand for Canadian Dollars
- Excess Supply of Canadian Dollars
- A Multitude of Exchange Rates
- Reciprocal Exchange Rates
- Multiple Currencies and Exchange Rates
- Refresh 10.1
- Dancing with Dollars: Fluctuating Exchange Rates
- Forces Changing Demand and Supply
- Interest Rate Differentials
- Increase in Canadian Interest Rate Differential
- Decrease in Canadian Interest Rate Differential
- Inflation Rate Differentials
- Increase in Canadian Inflation Rate Differential
- Decrease in Canadian Inflation Rate Differential
- Canadian Real GDP Changes
- Increasing Real GDP in Canada — Investors
- Decreasing Real GDP in Canada
- R.O.W. and Canadian Exports
- World Prices for Canadian Resource Exports
- Speculators and Changing Expectations
- Self-Fulfilling Expectations
- Speculators Reinforce Exchange Rate Forces
- Refresh 10.2
- How Exchange Rates Affect Your Life: International Transmission Mechanism
- Impact on Net Exports
- Economics Out There: High Canadian Dollar Threatens Twilight Sequels and Economic Recovery
- Depreciating Canadian Dollar Is a Positive Aggregate Demand Shock
- Economics Out There: Who Wins from a Falling Loonie?
- Impact on Inflation
- Appreciating Canadian Dollar Is Deflationary
- Depreciating Canadian Dollar Is Inflationary
- Exchange Rates and You
- Refresh 10.3
- Overvalued Compared to What? Purchasing Power Parity and Rate of Return Parity Anchors
- Law of One Price
- How Much for a Big Mac? Purchasing Power Parity
- When Purchasing Power Parity Exists
- When Purchasing Power Parity Does Not Exist
- The Hamburger Standard
- Limitations of Purchasing Power Parity
- Money Flows Where Interest Rates Are Highest: Rate of Return Parity
- Would You Like Your Exchange Rate Floating or Fixed?
- Refresh 10.4
- Where Do All the Dollars Flow? International Balance of Payments
- Current Account: Exports, Imports, and Interest and Transfer Payments
- Financial Account: Investments between Canada and R.O.W.
- Statistical Discrepancy
- Why International Payments Account Must Balance
- Current Account Deficit and Financial Account Surplus
- Current Account Surplus and Financial Account Deficit
- Mirror Images
- Why International Transactions and Exchange Rates Matter
- Refresh 10.5
- Study Guide: Chapter 10 Summary
- 10.2 Dancing with Dollars: Fluctuating Exchange Rates
- 10.3 How Exchange Rates Affect Your Life: International Transmission Mechanisms
- 10.4 Overvalued Compared to What? Purchasing Power Parity and Rate of Return Anchors
- 10.5 Where Do All the Dollars Flow? International Balance of Payments
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 11 Steering Blindly? Monetary Policy and the Bank of Canada
- 11 Steering Blindly? Monetary Policy and the Bank of Canada
- What Do Central Banks Do? Bank of Canada’s Objectives and Targets
- The Bank of Canada’s Job
- Refresh 11.1
- Target Shooting: Open Market Operations
- Interest Rate as a Driving Force
- Every Picture Tells a Story: Bank of Canada Homepage
- Moving Targets: Open Market Operations
- Accelerating with Lower Interest Rates
- Braking with Higher Interest Rates
- Predicting the Future with Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand
- Moving Targets Eight Dates a Year
- Changing the Money Supply to Change Interest Rates
- Buying Bonds to Increase the Money Supply
- Selling Bonds to Decrease the Money Supply
- Changing Bond Prices to Change Interest Rates
- Buying Bonds Increases the Price of Bonds
- Selling Bonds Decreases the Price of Bonds
- Interest Rates Move Together (Mostly)
- Refresh 11.2
- Driving with the Bank of Canada: Transmission Mechanisms
- Turning the Wheels of Aggregate Demand
- Domestic Effects of Interest Rates
- International Effects of Interest Rates
- Looking Inside the Transmissions
- Domestic Monetary Transmission Mechanism: Borrowing and Spending
- Lower Interest Rates Are a Positive Aggregate Demand Shock
- Higher Interest Rates Are a Negative Aggregate Demand Shock
- International Transmission Mechanisms: Exchange Rate Effects
- Depreciating Canadian Dollar Is a Positive Aggregate Demand Shock
- Appreciating Canadian Dollar Is a Negative Aggregate Demand Shock
- All Together Now: Reinforcing Transmission Mechanisms
- Lowering Interest Rates to Increase Aggregate Demand
- Raising Interest Rates to Decrease Aggregate Demand
- Not a Popularity Contest
- Refresh 11.3
- Transmission Breakdowns: Balance Sheet Recessions and Monetary Policy
- Stepping on the Gas?
- Almost Free Money
- Paying Down Debt Instead of Spending: Consumers and Businesses
- Businesses
- Money as a Store of Value
- Piling Up Reserves Instead of Lending: Banks
- Flooding the System with Money: Quantitative Easing and the Quantity Theory of Money
- Quantitative Easing
- Inflation Risks
- Economics Out There: Ben Bernanke is Time Magazine’s 2009 Person of the Year
- Driving with an Unpredictable Transmission: Timing Is Everything
- Refresh 11.4
- Who’s Driving? Anchoring Inflation Expectations
- Is the Bank or the Government of Canada Driving?
- The Coyne Affair
- Independence Matters
- Inflation–Unemployment Trade-offs and Expectations
- Speeding Is Easier than Braking, So Anchor Expectations
- High Inflation Is Unpredictable, Causing Not-Smart Choices
- “Yes, Hands-Off” and “No, Hands-On” Agree! Markets Need a Central Bank
- “Yes, Hands-Off”: Rules for Monetary Policy
- “No, Hands-On”: Discretion for Monetary Policy
- Economics Out There: Should the Bank of Canada Worry about Inflation or Deflation?
- Shake Hands
- Refresh 11.5
- Study Guide: Chapter 11 Summary
- 11.2 Target Shooting: Open Market Operations
- 11.3 Driving with the Bank of Canada: Transmission Mechanisms
- 11.4 Transmission Breakdowns: Balance Sheet Recessions and Monetary Policy
- 11.5 Who’s Driving? Anchoring Inflation Expectations
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 12 Spending Others’ Money Fiscal Policy, Deficits, and National Debt
- 12 Spending Others’ Money Fiscal Policy, Deficits, and National Debt
- Spenders of Last Resort: Aggregate Demand Policies for Stabilizing Business Cycles
- Virtuous and Vicious Circles: Multiplier Effects
- Net Taxes as Leakages
- Round and Round the Circle
- Leakages and the Multiplier Effect
- How Big Are Multiplier Effects?
- Tax and Transfer Multipliers
- Multipliers and Aggregate Demand
- Other Injections: Multiplier Effects and Business Cycles
- Business Investment Spending
- Export-Led Busts and Booms
- Filling the Gaps: Fiscal Policy and Aggregate Demand
- Recessionary Gaps and Expansionary Fiscal Policy
- Inflationary Gaps and Contractionary Fiscal Policy
- Multiplier Effects and Real GDP
- Hands-Off and Hands-On Choices for Demand-Side Fiscal Policies
- Hands-Off
- Hands-On
- Multipliers at Work
- Refresh 12.1
- Building Foundations: Aggregate Supply Policies for Promoting Growth
- Investing in the Future: Policies for Economic Growth
- Stimulate Saving and Capital Investment
- Encourage Research and Development
- Improve Education and Training
- To Save or To Spend? Hands-Off and Hands-On Supply-Side Differences
- Save!
- Spend!
- Long-Run or Short-Run?
- Supply-Siders and Voodoo Economics: Incentive Effects
- Supply-Siders
- Laffer Curve
- Too Good to Be True
- Refresh 12.2
- Are Deficits Always Bad? Government Budget Surpluses and Deficits
- Living on $264 Billion a Year: Government Budgets, Revenues, and Spending
- Government Revenues
- Government Spending
- Balancing the Budget
- Automatic Weapons for Stabilizing Business Cycles
- Automatic Stabilizers
- Smoothing Business Cycles
- Automatic Deficits and Surpluses
- Balanced Budgets Can Be Bad
- Economics Out There: Europe’s “Austerians” Need a Lesson on Multipliers and Macroeconomics
- Why Spend Other People’s Money?
- Deficits and Surpluses: Cyclical versus Structural
- Good Balanced Budgets over the Business Cycle
- Structural Deficits (and Surpluses) at Potential GDP
- Refresh 12.3
- We Owe How Much?! From Deficits to the National Debt
- Deficits Are a Flow
- Debt Is a Stock
- Counting to $600 Billion and Beyond: Measuring the National Debt
- What’s in a Number?
- Bad Debt or Good Debt? Myths and Problems about the National Debt
- 1. Will Canada Go Bankrupt?
- 2. Burden for Future Generations
- 3. Debt Is Always Bad
- 4. Interest Payments Create Self-Perpetuating Debt
- Economics Out There: Why Bother?
- 5. Crowding Out and Crowding In
- Myth or Truth?
- Refresh 12.4
- Are Deficits Like Potato Chips? Hands-Off or Hands-On Role for Government?
- Politics
- Loaded Words
- Opinions and Facts: Normative and Positive Statements
- Economics
- Positive Statements
- Normative Statements
- Mixing It Up: Politics and Economics
- Will Politicians Follow Economists’ Advice?
- Are You Hearing a Political or Economic Argument?
- Hands-Off or Hands-On? Your Choice
- Refresh 12.5
- Study Guide: Chapter 12 Summary
- 12.2 Building Foundations: Aggregate Supply Policies for Promoting Growth
- 12.3 Are Deficits Always Bad? Government Budget Surpluses and Deficits
- 12.4 We Owe How Much?! From Deficits to the National Debt
- 12.5 Are Deficits Like Potato Chips? Hands-Off or Hands-On Role for Government?
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- 13 Are Sweatshops All Bad? Globalization and Trade Policy
- 13 Are Sweatshops All Bad? Globalization and Trade Policy
- Why Don’t You Cook Breakfast? Gains from Trade
- Voluntary Trade
- If You Trade, Should Canada?
- Canada Is a Trading Nation
- Bake or Chop?
- Production Possibilities Frontier
- Deal or No Deal? Opportunity Cost Rules
- Comparative Advantage
- Smart Deals
- Achieving the Impossible
- Terms of Trade
- Technology and Competition
- Refresh 13.1
- What’s So Wonderful about Free Trade? Protectionism and Trade
- Creative Destruction on a Global Scale
- Creative Destruction
- Winners and Losers from International Trade
- Winners
- Losers
- No Competition in My Backyard! Protectionism
- Tariffs
- Import Quotas
- Domestic Subsidies
- The Politics of Trade Policy
- Domestic Trade Politics
- International Trade Politics
- Arguments for Protectionism?
- Saving Canadian Jobs
- Necessary to Compete with Cheap Foreign Labour
- Valid, Limited Protectionism Arguments
- Trade Wars: Powerful Argument against Protectionism
- Refresh 13.2
- Globalization and Its Discontents Is Free Trade the Problem?
- The World Bank and International Monetary Fund
- Hands-Off Policies for Developing Countries
- Joseph Stiglitz Changes the Debate
- Economics Out There: Globalization and Its Discontents
- What Is Globalization?
- Why Is Globalization Happening?
- Sweatshops versus Farms
- Sweatshops throughout History
- Winners and Losers from Globalization
- Refresh 13.3
- Hands-Off or Hands-On Again? Governments and Global Markets
- Hands-On for Stiglitz
- Social Safety Nets
- Opening the Door to Trouble
- Hands-Off for The Economist Magazine
- Buried in Wool
- Whose Side Are They On?
- Practice What You Preach
- Terms of Trade
- Shake Hands?
- Limited Role for Government?
- Markets Failure or Government Failure?
- Travels of a T-Shirt
- Economics Out There: Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy
- Your Hand at the Ballot Box
- Refresh 13.4
- Study Guide: Chapter 13 Summary
- 13.2 What’s So Wonderful about Free Trade? Protectionism and Trade
- 13.3 Globalization and Its Discontents: Is Free Trade the Problem?
- 13.4 Hands-Off or Hands-On Again? Governments and Global Markets
- True/False
- Multiple Choice
- Summing Up
- Why Learn to Think Like an Economist?
- Glossary
- Answers to the Study Guide Questions
- Chapter 2
- Chapter 3
- Chapter 4
- Chapter 5
- Chapter 6
- Chapter 7
- Chapter 8
- Chapter 9
- Chapter 10
- Chapter 11
- Chapter 12
- Chapter 13
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