Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 4th Edition Lilienfeld Test Bank

1. About Revel and the New Edition
2. The Story of Revel—Why Revel?
3. The Story of Revel—The Solution
4. The Story of Revel—Your Students
5. Support and Implementation—Getting Started with Revel
6. Summary
7. Chapter 1 Psychology and Scientific Thinking A Framework for Everyday Life
8. Learning Objectives
9. 1.1: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
10. Psychology and Levels of Analysis
11. What Makes Psychology Distinctive—and Fascinating
12. Why We Can’t Always Trust Our Common Sense
13. Naive Realism: is Seeing Believing?
14. When Our Common Sense is Right
15. Psychology as a Science
16. What is A Scientific Theory?
17. Science as A Safeguard Against Bias: Protecting Us From Ourselves
18. Confirmation Bias
19. Belief Perseverance
20. Metaphysical Claims: The Boundaries of Science
21. Recognizing That We Might Be Wrong
22. 1.2: Psychological Pseudoscience: Imposters of Science
23. The Amazing Growth of Popular Psychology
24. What Is Pseudoscience?
25. Warning Signs of Pseudoscience
26. Overuse of ad hoc immunizing hypotheses
27. Lack of self-correction
28. Overreliance on anecdotes
29. Why are We Drawn to Pseudoscience?
30. Finding Comfort in Our Beliefs
31. Thinking Clearly: An Antidote Against Pseudoscience
32. Emotional Reasoning Fallacy
33. Bandwagon Fallacy
34. Not Me Fallacy
35. The Dangers of Pseudoscience: Why Should We Care?
36. 1.3: Scientific Thinking: Distinguishing Fact From Fiction
37. Scientific Skepticism
38. A Basic Framework for Scientific Thinking
39. Scientific Thinking Principle #1: Ruling Out Rival Hypotheses
40. Scientific Thinking Principle #2: Correlation Isn’t Causation
41. Scientific Thinking Principle #3: Falsifiability
42. Scientific Thinking Principle #4: Replicability
43. Scientific Thinking Principle #5: Extraordinary Claims Require Extra­ordinary Evidence.
44. Scientific Thinking Principle #6: Occam’s Razor
45. 1.4: Psychology’s Past and Present: What a Long, Strange Trip it’s Been
46. Psychology’s Early History
47. The Great Theoretical Frameworks of Psychology
48. Structuralism: The Elements of The Mind
49. Functionalism: Psychology Meets Darwin
50. Behaviorism: The Laws of Learning
51. Cognitivism: Opening The Black Box
52. Psychoanalysis: Plumbing The Depths of The Unconscious
53. The Multifaceted World of Modern Psychology
54. The Growth of A Field
55. Types of Psychologists: Fiction and Fact
56. The Great Debates of Psychology
57. The Nature–Nurture Debate
58. The Free Will–Determinism Debate
59. How Psychology Affects Our Lives
60. Applications of Psychological Research
61. Thinking Scientifically: It’s A Way of Life.
62. Summary: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
63. 1.1: What Is Psychology? Science Versus Intuition
64. 1.2: Psychological Pseudoscience: Imposters of Science
65. 1.3: Scientific Thinking: Distinguishing Fact From Fiction
66. 1.4: Psychology’s Past and Present: What a Long, Strange Trip It’s Been
67. Chapter 2 Research Methods Vital Safeguards Against Error
68. Learning Objectives
69. 2.1: The Beauty and Necessity of Good Research Design
70. Why We Need Research Designs
71. How We Can Be Fooled: Two Modes of Thinking
72. 2.2: Scientific Methodology: A Toolbox of Skills
73. Naturalistic Observation: Studying Humans “In the Wild”
74. Case Study Designs: Getting to Know You
75. Self-Report Measures and Surveys: Asking People About Themselves and Others
76. Random Selection: The Key to Generalizability
77. Evaluating Measures
78. Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Report Measures
79. Rating Data: How Do They Rate?
80. Correlational Designs
81. Identifying When A Design is Correlational
82. Correlations: A Beginner’s Guide
83. The Scatterplot
84. Illusory Correlation
85. Illusory Correlation and Superstition
86. Why We Fall Prey to Illusory Correlation
87. Correlation Versus Causation: Jumping the Gun
88. Experimental Designs
89. What Makes A Study an Experiment: Two Components
90. Random Assignment
91. Manipulation of an Independent Variable
92. Confounds: Sources of False Conclusions
93. Cause and Effect: Permission to Infer
94. Pitfalls in Experimental Design
95. The Placebo Effect
96. The Nocebo Effect
97. The Experimenter Expectancy Effect
98. Demand Characteristics
99. 2.3: Ethical Issues in Research Design
100. Tuskegee: A Shameful Moral Tale
101. Ethical Guidelines for Human Research
102. Informed Consent
103. Debriefing: Educating Participants
104. Ethical Issues in Animal Research
105. 2.4: Statistics: The Language of Psychological Research
106. Descriptive Statistics: What’s What?
107. Inferential Statistics: Testing Hypotheses
108. Statistical Significance
109. Practical Significance
110. How People Lie With Statistics
111. Example 1
112. Question:
113. Answer:
114. Example 2
115. Question:
116. Answer:
117. Example 3
118. Question:
119. Answer:
120. The bottom line:
121. 2.5: Evaluating Psychological Research
122. Becoming a Peer Reviewer
123. Study 1
124. Question:
125. Answer:
126. Study 2
127. Question:
128. Answer:
129. Most Reporters Aren’t Scientists: Evaluating Psychology in the Media
130. Summary: Research Methods
131. 2.1: The Beauty and Necessity of Good Research Design
132. 2.2: Scientific Methodology: A Toolbox of Skills
133. 2.3: Ethical Issues in Research Design
134. 2.4: Statistics: The Language of Psychological Research
135. 2.5: Evaluating Psychological Research
136. Chapter 3 Biological Psychology Bridging the Levels of Analysis
137. Learning Objectives
138. 3.1: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals
139. Neurons: The Brain’s Communicators
140. The Cell Body
141. Dendrites
142. Axons and Axon Terminals
143. Synapses
144. Glial Cells
145. Electrifying Thought
146. Action Potentials
147. The Absolute Refractory Period
148. Chemical Communication: Neurotransmission
149. Neurotransmitters
150. Neurotransmitters and Psychoactive Drugs
151. Neural Plasticity: How and When the Brain Changes
152. Neural Plasticity Over Development
153. Neural Plasticity and Learning
154. Neural Plasticity Following Injury and Degeneration
155. Adult Neurogenesis
156. Stem Cells
157. 3.2: The Brain–Behavior Network
158. The Central Nervous System: The Command Center
159. The Cerebral Cortex
160. Frontal Lobes
161. Parietal Lobe
162. Temporal Lobe
163. Occipital Lobe
164. Cortical Hierarchies
165. The Basal Ganglia
166. The Limbic System
167. The Cerebellum
168. The Brain Stem
169. Reticular Activating System
170. The Pons and Medulla
171. The Spinal Cord
172. The Peripheral Nervous System
173. The Somatic Nervous System
174. The Autonomic Nervous System
175. 3.3: The Endocrine System
176. The Pituitary Gland and Pituitary Hormones
177. The Adrenal Glands and Adrenaline
178. Sexual Reproductive Glands and Sex Hormones
179. 3.4: Mapping the Mind: The Brain in Action
180. A Tour of Brain-Mapping Methods
181. Phrenology: An Incorrect Map of the Mind
182. Brain Damage: Understanding How the Brain Works by Seeing How it Doesn’t
183. Electrical Stimulation and Recording of Nervous System Activity
184. Brain Scans and Other Imaging Techniques
185. CT Scans and MRI Images
186. PET
187. fMRI
188. Magnetic Stimulation and Recording
189. How to Interpret—and Misinterpret—Brain Scans
190. How Much of Our Brain Do We Use?
191. Which Parts of Our Brain Do We Use for What?
192. Which Side of Our Brains Do We Use for What?
193. 3.5: Nature and Nurture: Did Your Genes—or Parents—Make You Do It?
194. How We Come to Be Who We Are
195. The Biological Material of Heredity
196. Genotype Versus Phenotype
197. Behavioral Adaptation
198. Human Brain Evolution
199. Behavioral Genetics: How We Study Genetic and Environmental Influences on Behavior
200. Heritability: Misconceptions and Conceptions
201. Behavioral Genetic Designs
202. Family Studies
203. Twin Studies
204. Adoption Studies
205. Summary: Biological Psychology
206. 3.1: Nerve Cells: Communication Portals
207. 3.2: The Brain–Behavior Network
208. 3.3: The Endocrine System
209. 3.4: Mapping the Mind: The Brain in Action
210. 3.5: Nature and Nurture: Did Your Genes—or Parents—Make You Do It?
211. Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception How We Sense and Conceptualize the World
212. Learning Objectives
213. 4.1: Two Sides of the Coin: Sensation and Perception
214. Sensation: Our Senses as Detectives
215. Transduction: Going from the Outside World to Within
216. Psychophysics: Measuring the Barely Detectable
217. Absolute Threshold
218. Just Noticeable Difference
219. Signal Detection Theory
220. Sensory Systems Stick to One Sense—Or Do They?
221. The Role of Attention
222. Selective Attention: How we Focus on Specific Inputs
223. Inattentional Blindness
224. The Binding Problem: Putting the Pieces Together
225. 4.2: Seeing: The Visual System
226. Light: The Energy of Life
227. The Eye: How We Represent the Visual Realm
228. How Light Enters the Eye
229. The Sclera, Iris, and Pupil
230. The Cornea, Lens, and Eye Muscles
231. The Shape of the Eye
232. The Retina: Changing Light into Neural Activity
233. Rods and Cones
234. The Optic Nerve
235. How We Perceive Shape And Contour
236. Feature Detection
237. How we Perceive Color
238. Trichromatic Theory
239. Opponent Process Theory
240. When We Can’t See or Perceive Visually
241. Blindness
242. Blindsight: How are Some Blind People Able to Navigate Their Worlds?
243. Visual Agnosia
244. 4.3: Hearing: The Auditory System
245. Sound: Mechanical Vibration
246. Pitch
247. Loudness
248. Timbre
249. The Structure and Function of the Ear
250. When We Can’t Hear
251. 4.4: Smell and Taste: The Sensual Senses
252. What Are Odors and Flavors?
253. Sense Receptors for Smell and Taste
254. Olfactory and Gustatory Perception
255. When We Can’t Smell or Taste
256. 4.5: Our Body Senses: Touch, Body Position, and Balance
257. The Somatosensory System: Touch and Pain
258. Pressure, Temperature, and Injury
259. Specialized and Free Nerve Endings in the Skin
260. How we Perceive Touch and Pain
261. Phantom Limb Illusion
262. When we Can’t Feel Pain
263. Proprioception and Vestibular Sense: Body Position and Balance
264. Proprioceptors: Telling the Inside Story
265. The Vestibular Sense: A Balancing Act
266. Ergonomics: Human Engineering
267. 4.6: Perception: When Our Senses Meet Our Brains
268. Parallel Processing: The Way Our Brain Multitasks
269. Perceptual Hypotheses: Guessing What’s Out There
270. Perceptual Sets
271. Perceptual Constancy
272. Gestalt Principles
273. How we Perceive Faces
274. How we Perceive Motion
275. How We Perceive Depth
276. Monocular Cues
277. Binocular Cues
278. Depth Perception Appears in Infancy
279. How we Perceive Where Sounds are Located
280. When Perception Deceives Us
281. Subliminal and Extrasensory Perception
282. Subliminal Perception and Persuasion
283. Extrasensory Perception (ESP): Fact or Fiction?
284. What’s Esp, Anyway?
285. Is There Scientific Evidence for Esp?
286. Why People Believe in ESP
287. Psychic Predictions
288. Summary: Sensation and Perception
289. 4.1: Two Sides of the Coin: Sensation and Perception
290. 4.2: Seeing: The Visual System
291. 4.3: Hearing: The Auditory System
292. 4.4: Smell and Taste: The Sensual Senses
293. 4.5: Our Body Senses: Touch, Body Position, and Balance
294. 4.6: Perception: When Our Senses Meet Our Brains
295. Chapter 5 Consciousness Expanding the Boundaries of Psychological Inquiry
296. Learning Objectives
297. 5.1: The Biology of Sleep
298. The Circadian Rhythm: The Cycle of Everyday Life
299. Stages of Sleep
300. Stage 1 Sleep
301. Stage 2 Sleep
302. Stages 3 and 4 Sleep
303. Stage 5: Rem Sleep
304. Lucid Dreaming
305. Disorders of Sleep
306. Insomnia
307. Narcolepsy
308. Sleep Apnea
309. Night Terrors
310. Sleepwalking and Sexsomnia
311. 5.2: Dreams
312. Freud’s Dream Protection Theory
313. Activation–Synthesis Theory
314. Dreaming and the Forebrain
315. Neurocognitive Perspectives on Dreaming
316. 5.3: Other Alterations of Consciousness and Unusual Experiences
317. Hallucinations: Experiencing What Isn’t There
318. Out-of-Body and Near-Death Experiences
319. Mystical Experiences
320. Hypnosis
321. Myths and Facts about Hypnosis: What Hypnosis isn’t and What it is
322. Theories of Hypnosis
323. Sociocognitive Theory
324. Dissociation Theory
325. 5.4: Drugs and Consciousness
326. Substance Use Disorders
327. Diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder
328. Explanations for Substance Use
329. Sociocultural Influences
330. Is There an Addictive Personality?
331. Learning and Expectancies
332. Genetic Influences
333. Depressants
334. Alcohol
335. The Sedative-Hypnotics
336. Stimulants
337. Nicotine
338. Cocaine
339. Amphetamines
340. Narcotics
341. Psychedelics
342. Marijuana
343. LSD and Other Hallucinogens
344. Summary: Consciousness
345. 5.1: The Biology of Sleep
346. 5.2: Dreams
347. 5.3: Other Alterations of Consciousness and Unusual Experiences
348. 5.4: Drugs and Consciousness
349. Chapter 6 Learning How Nurture Changes Us
350. Learning Objectives
351. 6.1: Classical Conditioning
352. Pavlov’s Discovery of Classical Conditioning
353. Principles of Classical Conditioning
354. Acquisition
355. Extinction
356. Spontaneous Recovery
357. Stimulus Generalization
358. Stimulus Discrimination
359. Higher-Order Conditioning
360. Applications of Classical Conditioning to Daily Life
361. Classical Conditioning and Advertising
362. The Acquisition of Fears and Phobias: The Strange Tale of Little Albert
363. Fetishes
364. Disgust Reactions
365. 6.2: Operant Conditioning
366. Distinguishing Operant Conditioning from Classical Conditioning
367. The Law of Effect
368. B. F. Skinner and Reinforcement
369. Terminology of Operant Conditioning
370. Reinforcement
371. Punishment
372. Discriminative Stimulus
373. Same Song, Second Verse
374. Extinction
375. Stimulus Discrimination
376. Stimulus Generalization
377. Schedules of Reinforcement
378. Applications of Operant Conditioning to Daily Life
379. Animal Training
380. Overcoming Procrastination: I’ll Get to that Later
381. Therapeutic Applications of Operant Conditioning
382. Putting Classical and Operant Conditioning Together
383. 6.3: Cognitive Models of Learning
384. S-O-R Psychology: Tossing Thinking Back into the Mix
385. Latent Learning
386. Observational Learning
387. Observational Learning of Aggression
388. Media Violence and Real-World Aggression
389. Mirror Neurons and Observational Learning
390. Insight Learning
391. 6.4: Biological Influences on Learning
392. Conditioned Taste Aversions
393. Preparedness and Phobias
394. Instinctive Drift
395. 6.5: Learning Fads: Do They Work?
396. Sleep-Assisted Learning
397. Accelerated Learning
398. Discovery Learning
399. Learning Styles
400. Summary: Learning
401. 6.1: Classical Conditioning
402. 6.2: Operant Conditioning
403. 6.3: Cognitive Models of Learning
404. 6.4: Biological Influences on Learning
405. 6.5: Learning Fads: Do They Work?
406. Chapter 7 Memory Constructing and Reconstructing Our Pasts
407. Learning Objectives
408. 7.1: How Memory Operates: The Memory Assembly Line
409. The Paradox of Memory
410. When Our Memories Serve us Well
411. When Our Memories Fail us
412. The Reconstructive Nature of Memory
413. The Three Systems of Memory
414. Sensory Memory
415. Short-Term Memory
416. The Duration of Short-Term Memory
417. Memory Loss from Short-Term Memory: Decay versus Interference
418. The Capacity of Short-Term Memory: The Magic Number
419. Chunking
420. Rehearsal
421. Depth of Processing
422. Long-Term Memory
423. Differences Between Long-Term and Short-Term Memory
424. Primacy and Recency Effects
425. Types of Long-Term Memory
426. 7.2: The Three Processes of Memory
427. Encoding: The “Call Numbers” of the Mind
428. The Role of Attention
429. Mnemonics: Valuable Memory Aids
430. Pegword Method
431. Method of Loci
432. Keyword Method
433. Music
434. Storage: Filing Away Our Memories
435. The Value of Schemas
436. Schemas and Memory Mistakes
437. Retrieval: Heading for the “Stacks”
438. Measuring Memory
439. Recall and Recognition
440. Relearning
441. Tip-of-the-Tongue Phenomenon
442. Encoding Specificity: Finding Things Where we Left Them
443. Context-Dependent Learning
444. State-Dependent Learning
445. 7.3: The Biology of Memory
446. The Neural Basis of Memory Storage
447. The Elusive Engram
448. Long-Term Potentiation—A Physiological Basis for Memory
449. LTP and Glutamate
450. Where Is Memory Stored?
451. Amnesia—Biological Bases of Explicit and Implicit Memory
452. Amnesia Fictions and Facts
453. Case Studies of Amnesia: H. M. and Clive Wearing
454. Emotional Memory
455. The Role of the Amygdala
456. Erasing Painful Memories
457. The Biology of Memory Deterioration
458. 7.4: The Development of Memory: Acquiring a Personal History
459. Memory Over Time
460. Infants’ Implicit Memory: Talking With Their Feet
461. 7.5: False Memories: When Good Memory Goes Bad
462. False Memories
463. Flashbulb Memories
464. Source Monitoring: Who Said That?
465. Implanting False Memories in the Lab
466. Misinformation Effect
467. Lost in the Mall and Other Implanted Memories
468. Event Plausibility
469. Memories of Impossible or Implausible Events
470. Generalizing from the Lab to the Real World
471. Eyewitness Testimony
472. The False Memory Controversy
473. Learning Tips: Getting the Science of Memory to Work for Us
474. Summary: Memory
475. 7.1: How Memory Operates: The Memory Assembly Line
476. 7.2: The Three Processes of Memory
477. 7.3: The Biology of Memory
478. 7.4: The Development of Memory: Acquiring a Personal History
479. 7.5: False Memories: When Good Memory Goes Bad
480. Chapter 8 Thinking, Reasoning, and Language Getting Inside Our Talking Heads
481. Learning Objectives
482. 8.1: Thinking and Reasoning
483. Cognitive Economy—Imposing Order on Our World
484. Heuristics and Biases: Double-Edged Swords
485. Representativeness Heuristic
486. Availability Heuristic
487. Hindsight Bias
488. Top-Down Processing
489. Concepts and Schemas
490. How does language influence our thoughts?
491. 8.2: Thinking at Its Hardest: Decision-Making and Problem Solving
492. Decision-Making: Choices, Choices, and More Choices
493. Problem Solving: Accomplishing Our Goals
494. Approaches to Solving Problems
495. Obstacles to Problem Solving
496. Salience of Surface Similarities
497. Mental Sets
498. Functional Fixedness
499. Models of the Mind
500. 8.3: How Does Language Work?
501. The Features of Language
502. Phonemes: The Ingredients
503. Morphemes: The Menu Items
504. Syntax: Putting The Meal Together
505. Extralinguistic Information: The Overall Dining Experience
506. Language Dialects: Regional and Cultural Differences In Dining Habits
507. How and Why Did Language Come About?
508. How Do Children Learn Language?
509. Perceiving and Producing The Sounds of Language
510. Learning Words
511. Syntactic Development: Putting It All Together
512. Bilingualism
513. Critical Periods for Language Learning
514. Theoretical Accounts of Language Acquisition
515. The “Pure” Nature and Nurture Accounts
516. The Social Pragmatics Account
517. The General Cognitive Processing Account
518. Nonhuman Animal Communication
519. How Animals Communicate
520. Teaching Human Language to Non­human Animals
521. 8.4: Written Communication: Connecting Language and Reading
522. Reading: Learning to Recognize the Written Word
523. Does Speed-Reading Work?
524. Summary: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
525. 8.1: Thinking and Reasoning
526. 8.2: Thinking at Its Hardest: Decision-Making and Problem Solving
527. 8.3: How Does Language Work?
528. 8.4: Written Communication: Connecting Language and Reading
529. Chapter 9 Intelligence and IQ Testing Controversy and Consensus
530. Learning Objectives
531. 9.1: What Is Intelligence? Definitional Confusion
532. Intelligence as Sensory Capacity: Out of Sight, Out of Mind
533. Intelligence as Abstract Thinking
534. Intelligence as General versus Specific Abilities
535. Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
536. Multiple Intelligences: Different Ways of Being Smart
537. Frames of Mind
538. The Triarchic Model
539. Biological Bases of Intelligence
540. Intelligence and Brain Structure and Function
541. The Location of Intelligence
542. Intelligence and Reaction Time
543. Intelligence and Memory
544. Pulling it all Together
545. 9.2: Intelligence Testing: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
546. How We Calculate IQ
547. The Eugenics Movement: Misuses and Abuses of IQ Testing
548. IQ Testing Today
549. Commonly Used Adult IQ Tests
550. Commonly Used Childhood IQ Tests
551. Culture-Fair IQ Tests
552. College Admissions Tests: What Do They Measure?
553. College Admissions Tests and IQ
554. Coaching on College Admissions Tests
555. Reliability of IQ Scores: Is IQ Forever?
556. Stability of IQ in Adulthood
557. Stability of IQ in Infancy and Childhood
558. Validity of IQ Scores: Predicting Life Outcomes
559. A Tale of Two Tails: From Intellectual Disability to Genius
560. Intellectual Disability
561. Genius and Exceptional Intelligence
562. 9.3: Genetic and Environmental Influences on IQ
563. Exploring Genetic Influences on IQ
564. Family Studies
565. Twin Studies
566. Adoption Studies
567. Exploring Environmental Influences on IQ
568. Does How we Think About Intelligence Affect IQ?
569. Birth Order: Are Older Siblings Wiser?
570. Does Schooling Make us Smarter?
571. Boosting IQ by Early Intervention
572. A Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Expectancy Effects on IQ
573. Poverty and IQ: Socioeconomic and Nutritional Deprivation
574. Getting Smarter all the Time: The Mysterious Flynn Effect
575. 9.4: Group Differences in IQ: The Science and the Politics
576. Sex Differences in IQ and Mental Abilities
577. Sex Differences in IQ
578. Sex Differences in Specific Mental Abilities
579. Potential Causes of Sex Differences
580. Racial Differences in IQ
581. For Whom the Bell Curve Tolls
582. Reconciling Racial Differences
583. What are the Causes of Racial Differences in IQ?
584. Test Bias
585. Stereotype Threat
586. 9.5: The Rest of the Story: Other Dimensions of Intellect
587. Creativity
588. Interests and Intellect
589. Emotional Intelligence: Is EQ as Important as IQ?
590. Curiosity and Grit
591. Wisdom
592. Summary: Intelligence and IQ Testing
593. 9.1: What Is Intelligence? Definitional Confusion
594. 9.2: Intelligence Testing: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
595. 9.3: Genetic and Environmental Influences on IQ
596. 9.4: Group Differences in IQ: The Science and the Politics
597. 9.5: The Rest of the Story: Other Dimensions of Intellect
598. Chapter 10 Human Development How and Why We Change
599. Learning Objectives
600. 10.1: Special Considerations in Human Development
601. Clarifying the Nature–Nurture Debate
602. Gene–Environment Interaction
603. Nature Via Nurture
604. Gene Expression
605. The Mystique of Early Experience
606. Keeping an Eye on Cohort Effects
607. Post Hoc Fallacy
608. Bidirectional Influences
609. 10.2: The Developing Body: Physical and Motor Development
610. Conception and Prenatal Development: From Zygote to Baby
611. Brain Development: 18 Days and Beyond
612. Obstacles to Normal Fetal Development
613. Premature Birth
614. Low Birth Weight
615. Hazardous Environmental Influences
616. Genetic Disorders
617. Infant Motor Development: How Babies Get Going
618. Survival Instincts: Infant Reflexes
619. Learning to Get Up and Go: Coordinating Movement
620. Factors Influencing Motor Development
621. Growth and Physical Development Throughout Childhood
622. Physical Maturation in Adolescence: The Power of Puberty
623. Physical Development in Adulthood
624. Physical Changes in Middle Adulthood
625. Changes in Agility and Physical Coordination With Age
626. 10.3: The Developing Mind: Cognitive Development
627. Theories of Cognitive Development
628. Piaget’s Theory: How Children Construct Their Worlds
629. Assimilation and Accommodation
630. Pros and Cons of Piaget’s Theory
631. Vygotsky’s Theory: Social and Cultural Influences on Learning
632. Contemporary Theories of Cognitive Development
633. General Cognitive Accounts
634. Sociocultural Accounts
635. Modular Accounts
636. Cognitive Landmarks of Early Development
637. Physical Reasoning: Figuring Out Which Way is Up
638. Concepts and Categories: Classifying the World
639. Self-Concept and the Concept of “Other”: Who We Are and Who We Aren’t
640. Numbers and Mathematics: What Counts
641. Cognitive Changes in Adolescence
642. Attitudes Toward Knowledge in Adolescents and Young Adults
643. Cognitive Function in Adulthood
644. 10.4: The Developing Personality: Social and Moral Development
645. Social Development in Infancy and Childhood
646. Temperament and Social Development: Babies’ Emotional Styles
647. Attachment: Establishing Bonds
648. Imprinting
649. Contact Comfort: The Healing Touch
650. Attachment Styles: The Strange Situation
651. Influence of Parenting on Development
652. Parenting Styles and Later Adjustment
653. Peers Versus Parents
654. The Role of the Father
655. “Nontraditional” Families: Science and Politics
656. Effects of Divorce on Children
657. Self-Control: Learning to Inhibit Impulses
658. The Development of Gender Identity
659. Transgender experience: When biological sex and gender identity collide
660. Development of gender concepts
661. Social and Emotional Development in Adolescence
662. Building An Identity
663. Erikson’s Model of Identity: The Identity Crisis
664. Emerging Adulthood
665. Moral Development: Knowing Right From Wrong
666. Children’s Moral Development
667. Kohlberg and Morality: Finding the Moral High Ground
668. Criticisms of Kohlberg’s Work
669. Life Transitions in Adulthood
670. Careers
671. Love and Commitment
672. Parenthood
673. Midlife Transitions
674. Social Transitions in Later Years
675. Summary: Human Development
676. 10.1: Special Considerations in Human Development
677. 10.2: The Developing Body: Physical and Motor Development
678. 10.3: The Developing Mind: Cognitive Development
679. 10.4: The Developing Personality: Social and Moral Development
680. Chapter 11 Emotion and Motivation What Moves Us
681. Learning Objectives
682. 11.1: Theories of Emotion: What Causes Our Feelings?
683. Discrete Emotions Theory: Emotions as Evolved Expressions
684. Support for an Evolutionary Basis of Emotions
685. Culture and Emotion
686. Recognition of Emotions Across Cultures
687. Cultural Differences in Emotional Expression: Display Rules
688. Accompaniments of Emotional Expressions
689. Emotions and Physiology
690. Real Versus Fake Emotions
691. Cognitive Theories of Emotion: Think First, Feel Later
692. James–Lange Theory of Emotion
693. Cannon–Bard Theory of Emotion
694. Two-Factor Theory of Emotion
695. Putting it All Together
696. Unconscious Influences on Emotion
697. Automatic Generation of Emotion
698. Mere Exposure Effect
699. Facial Feedback Hypothesis
700. 11.2: Nonverbal Expression of Emotion: The Eyes, Bodies, and Cultures Have It
701. The Importance of Nonverbal Cues
702. Body Language and Gestures
703. Personal Space
704. Lying and Lie Detection
705. Humans as Lie Detectors
706. The Polygraph Test
707. Evaluating the Polygraph Test: What’s the Truth?
708. Other Methods of Lie Detection
709. Guilty Knowledge Test
710. Tests Using Brain-Scanning Techniques
711. Truth Serum
712. Integrity Tests
713. 11.3: Happiness and Self-Esteem: Science Confronts Pop Psychology
714. What Happiness Is Good For
715. What Makes Us Happy: Myths and Realities
716. Forecasting Happiness
717. Self-Esteem: Important or Overhyped?
718. The Myths of Self-Esteem
719. Narcissism: It’s All About Me
720. The Potential Benefits of Self-Esteem
721. Positive Psychology: Psychology’s Future or Psychology’s Fad?
722. 11.4: Motivation: Our Wants and Needs
723. Motivation: A Beginner’s Guide
724. Drive Reduction Theory
725. Drives and Arousal: Not Getting Ahead of the Curve
726. When Our Drives Clash: Approach and Avoidance
727. Incentive Theories
728. Our Needs: Physical and Psychological Urges
729. Hunger, Eating, and Eating Disorders
730. Hunger and Eating: Regulatory Processes
731. Weight Gain and Obesity: Biological and Psychological Influences
732. Chemical Messengers and Eating
733. The Set Point
734. The Role of Genes in Obesity
735. Sensitivity to Cues and Expectations
736. A Surgical Option for Significant Weight Loss: Bariatric Surgery
737. Eating Disorders: Bulimia and Anorexia
738. Sexual Motivation
739. Sexual Desire and its Causes
740. The Physiology of the Human Sexual Response
741. Frequency of Sexual Activities and Aging
742. Sexuality and Culture
743. Sexual Orientation: Science and Politics
744. Prevalence of Different Sexual Orientations
745. Can Sexual Orientation Be Changed?
746. Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sexual Orientation
747. Sex Hormones, Prenatal Influences, and Sexual Orientation
748. Sexual Orientation: Brain Differences
749. 11.5: Attraction, Love, and Hate: The Greatest Mysteries of Them All
750. Social Influences on Interpersonal Attraction
751. Proximity: When Near Becomes Dear
752. Similarity: Like Attracts Like
753. Reciprocity: All Give and No Take does Not A Good Relationship Make
754. Physical Attraction: Like it or Not, we Judge Books by Their Covers
755. Sex Differences in What we Find Attractive: Nature, Nurture, or Both?
756. Evolutionary Models of Attraction
757. Social Role Theory
758. Is Beauty in the Eye of the Beholder?
759. When Being “Just Average” is Just Fine
760. Love: Science Confronts the Mysterious
761. Passionate Love: Love as a Hollywood Romance
762. Companionate Love: Love as Friendship
763. The Three Sides of Love
764. Hate: A Neglected Topic
765. Summary: Emotion and Motivation
766. 11.1: Theories of Emotion: What Causes Our Feelings?
767. 11.2: Nonverbal Expression of Emotion: The Eyes, Bodies, and Cultures Have It
768. 11.3: Happiness and Self-Esteem: Science Confronts Pop Psychology
769. 11.4: Motivation: Our Wants and Needs
770. 11.5: Attraction, Love, and Hate: The Greatest Mysteries of Them All
771. Chapter 12 Stress, Coping, and Health The Mind–Body Interconnection
772. Learning Objectives
773. 12.1: What Is Stress?
774. Stress in the Eye of the Beholder: Three Approaches
775. Stressors as Stimuli
776. Stress as A Response
777. Stress as A Transaction
778. No Two Stresses Are Created Equal: Measuring Stress
779. Major Life Events
780. Hassles: Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff
781. 12.2: How We Adapt to Stress: Change and Challenge
782. The Mechanics of Stress: Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
783. The Alarm Reaction
784. Resistance
785. Exhaustion
786. The Diversity of Stress Responses
787. Fight or Flight or Tend and Befriend?
788. Long-Lasting Stress Reactions
789. 12.3: Coping With Stress
790. Social Support
791. Gaining Control
792. Behavioral Control
793. Cognitive Control
794. Decisional Control
795. Informational Control
796. Emotional Control
797. Is Catharsis A Good Thing?
798. Does Crisis Debriefing Help?
799. Individual Differences in Coping: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Personality
800. Hardiness: Challenge, Commitment, and Control
801. Optimism
802. Spirituality and Religious Involvement
803. Flexible Coping
804. Rumination: Recycling the Mental Garbage
805. 12.4: How Stress Impacts Our Health
806. The Immune System
807. Psychoneuroimmunology: Our Bodies, Our Environments, and Our Health
808. Stress and Colds
809. Stress and Immune Function: Beyond the Common Cold
810. Stress-Related Illnesses: A Biopsychosocial View
811. Coronary Heart Disease
812. The Role of Stress in CHD
813. The Role of Personality in CHD
814. CHD, Everyday Experiences, and Socioeconomic Factors
815. 12.5: Promoting Good Health— and Less Stress!
816. Toward a Healthy Lifestyle
817. Healthy Behavior #1: Stop Smoking
818. Healthy Behavior #2: Curb Alcohol Consumption
819. Healthy Behavior #3: Achieve A Healthy Weight
820. Tips for Achieving a Healthy Weight
821. Healthy Behavior #4: Exercise
822. But Changing Lifestyles is Easier Said Than Done
823. Personal Inertia
824. Misestimating Risk
825. Feeling Powerless
826. Prevention Programs
827. Complementary and Alternative Medicine
828. Biologically Based Therapies: Vitamins, Herbs, and Food Supplements
829. Manipulative and Body-Based Methods: The Example of Chiropractic Medicine
830. Mind-Body Medicine: Biofeedback, Meditation, and Yoga
831. Energy Medicine: The Case of Acupuncture
832. Whole Medical Systems: The Example of Homeopathy
833. Placebos and CAM
834. Cam Treatments: To Use or Not to Use, That is the Question
835. Summary: Stress, Coping, And Health
836. 12.1: What Is Stress?
837. 12.2: How We Adapt to Stress: Change and Challenge
838. 12.3: Coping With Stress
839. 12.4: How Stress Impacts Our Health
840. 12.5: Promoting Good Health—and Less Stress!
841. Chapter 13 Social Psychology How Others Affect Us
842. Learning objectives
843. 13.1: What Is Social Psychology?
844. Humans as a Social Species
845. Gravitating to Each Other—To a Point
846. The Need to Belong: Why we Form Groups
847. How we Came to be this Way: Evolution and Social Behavior
848. Social Comparison: Where do I Stand?
849. Social Contagion
850. Mass Hysteria: Irrationality at a Group Level
851. Urban Legends
852. Social Facilitation: From Bicyclists to Cockroaches
853. The Fundamental Attribution Error: The Great Lesson of Social Psychology
854. Evidence for the Fundamental Attribution Error
855. The Fundamental Attribution Error: Cultural Influences
856. 13.2: Social Influence: Conformity and Obedience
857. Conformity: The Asch Studies
858. Social Influences on Conformity
859. Imaging Studies: Probing Further Influences
860. Individual, Cultural, and Gender Differences in Conformity
861. Deindividuation: Losing Our Typical Identities
862. Stanford Prison Study: Chaos in Palo Alto
863. Crowds: Mob Psychology in Action
864. Groupthink
865. Groupthink in the Real World
866. Group Polarization: Going to Extremes
867. Cults and Brainwashing
868. Obedience: The Psychology of Following Orders
869. Obedience: A Double-Edged Sword
870. Stanley Milgram: Sources of Destructive Obedience
871. The Milgram Paradigm
872. Milgram Themes and Variations
873. Individual, Gender, and Cultural Differences
874. Milgram’s Studies: Criticisms and Enduring Lessons
875. 13.3: Helping and Harming Others: Prosocial Behavior and Aggression
876. Safety in Numbers or Danger in Numbers? Bystander Nonintervention
877. Three Tragic Stories of Bystander Nonintervention
878. Causes of Bystander Nonintervention: Why we don’t Help
879. Pluralistic Ignorance: It Must Just Be Me
880. Diffusion of Responsibility: Passing the Buck
881. Studies of Bystander Nonintervention
882. Social Loafing: With a Little Too Much Help From My Friends
883. Prosocial Behavior and Altruism
884. Altruism: Helping Selflessly
885. Helping: Situational Influences
886. Helping: Individual and Gender Differences
887. Aggression: Why We Harm Others
888. Situational Influences on Aggression
889. Aggression: Individual, Gender, and Cultural Differences
890. Personality Traits
891. Sex Differences
892. Cultural Differences
893. 13.4: Attitudes and Persuasion: Changing Minds
894. Attitudes and Behavior
895. When Attitudes don’t Predict Behavior
896. When Attitudes do Predict Behavior
897. Origins of Attitudes
898. Recognition
899. Attitudes and Personality
900. Attitude Change: Wait, Wait, I Just Changed My Mind
901. Cognitive Dissonance Theory
902. Alternatives to Cognitive Dissonance Theory
903. Persuasion: Humans as Salespeople
904. Routes to Persuasion
905. Persuasion Techniques
906. Characteristics of the Messenger
907. The Marketing of Pseudoscience
908. Correcting Misinformation
909. 13.5: Prejudice and Discrimination
910. Stereotypes
911. The Nature of Prejudice
912. Discrimination
913. Consequences of Discrimination
914. Creating Discrimination: don’t Try This at Home
915. Roots of Prejudice: A Tangled Web
916. Scapegoat Hypothesis
917. Just-World Hypothesis
918. Conformity
919. Individual Differences in Prejudice
920. Prejudice “Behind the Scenes”
921. Combating Prejudice: Some Remedies
922. Robbers Cave Study
923. Jigsaw Classrooms
924. Summary: Social Psychology
925. 13.1: What Is Social Psychology?
926. 13.2: Social Influence: Conformity and Obedience
927. 13.3: Helping and Harming Others: Prosocial Behavior and Aggression
928. 13.4: Attitudes and Persuasion: Changing Minds
929. 13.5: Prejudice and Discrimination
930. Chapter 14 Personality How We Become Who We Are
931. Learning Objectives
932. 14.1: Personality: What Is It and How Can We Study It?
933. Investigating the Causes of Personality: Overview of Twin and Adoption Studies
934. Reared-Together Twins: Genes or Environment?
935. Reared-Apart Twins: Shining A Spotlight on Genes
936. Adoption Studies: Further Separating Genes and Environment
937. Behavior-Genetic Studies: A Note of Caution
938. 14.2: Psychoanalytic Theory: The Controversial Legacy of Sigmund Freud and His Followers
939. Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
940. The Id, Ego, and Superego: The Structure of Personality
941. How The Psychic Agencies Interact
942. Anxiety and The Defense Mechanisms
943. Stages of Psychosexual Development
944. The Oral Stage
945. The Anal Stage
946. The Phallic Stage
947. The Latency and Genital Stages
948. Psychoanalytic Theory Evaluated Scientifically
949. Unfalsifiability
950. Failed Predictions
951. Questionable Conception of The Unconscious
952. Reliance on Unrepresentative Samples
953. Flawed Assumption of Shared Environmental Influence
954. Freud’s Followers: The Neo-Freudians
955. Neo-Freudian Theories: Core Features
956. Alfred Adler: The Striving For Superiority
957. Carl Jung: The Collective Unconscious
958. Karen Horney: Feminist Psychology
959. Freud’s Followers Evaluated Scientifically
960. 14.3: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories of Personality
961. Behavioral Views of the Causes of Personality
962. Behavioral Views of Determinism
963. Behavioral Views of Unconscious Processing
964. Social Learning Theories of Personality: The Causal Role of Thinking Resurrected
965. Social Learning Views of Determinism
966. Observational Learning and Personality
967. Sense of Perceived Control
968. Behavioral and Social Learning Theories Evaluated Scientifically
969. 14.4: Humanistic Models of Personality: The Third Force
970. Rogers and Maslow: Self-Actualization Realized and Unrealized
971. Rogers’s Model of Personality
972. Maslow: The Characteristics of Self-Actualized People
973. Humanistic Models Evaluated Scientifically
974. 14.5: Trait Models of Personality: Consistencies in Our Behavior
975. Identifying Traits: Factor Analysis
976. The Big Five Model of Personality: The Geography of the Psyche
977. The Big Five and Behavior
978. Culture and The Big Five
979. Individualism-Collectivism and Personality
980. Alternatives To The Big Five
981. Basic Tendencies versus Characteristic Adaptations
982. Can Personality Traits Change?
983. Trait Models Evaluated Scientifically
984. Walter Mischel’s Argument: Behavioral Inconsistency
985. Personality Traits Reborn: Psychologists Respond To Mischel
986. 14.6: Personality Assessment: Measuring and Mismeasuring the Psyche
987. Famous—and Infamous—Errors in Personality Assessment
988. Structured Personality Tests
989. MMPI and MMPI-2: Detecting Abnormal Personality
990. MMPI and MMPI-2: Construction and Content
991. The MMPI and MMPI-2 Evaluated Scientifically
992. CPI: Descendent of The MMPI
993. Rationally/Theoretically Constructed Tests
994. Projective Tests
995. Rorschach Inkblot Test: What Might This Be?
996. The Rorschach: Scoring and Interpretation
997. The Rorschach Evaluated Scientifically
998. TAT: Tell A Tale
999. Human Figure Drawings
1000. Graphology
1001. Common Pitfalls in Personality Assessment
1002. The P. T. Barnum Effect: The Perils of Personal Validation
1003. Personality Assessment Evaluated Scientifically
1004. Summary: Personality
1005. 14.1: Personality: What Is It and How Can We Study It?
1006. 14.2: Psychoanalytic Theory: The Controversial Legacy of Sigmund Freud and His Followers
1007. 14.3: Behavioral and Social Learning Theories of Personality
1008. 14.4: Humanistic Models of Personality: The Third Force
1009. 14.5: Trait Models of Personality: Consistencies in Our Behavior
1010. 14.6: Personality Assessment: Measuring and Mismeasuring the Psyche
1011. Chapter 15 Psychological Disorders When Adaptation Breaks Down
1012. Learning Objectives
1013. 15.1: Conceptions of Mental Illness: Yesterday and Today
1014. What Is Mental Illness? A Deceptively Complex Question
1015. Statistical Rarity
1016. Subjective Distress
1017. Impairment
1018. Societal Disapproval
1019. Biological Dysfunction
1020. Historical Conceptions of Mental Illness: From Demons to Asylums
1021. Conceptions of Mental Disorders: From the Demonic to the Medical Model
1022. The Modern Era of Psychiatric Treatment
1023. Psychiatric Diagnoses Across Cultures
1024. Culture-Bound Syndromes
1025. Cultural Universality
1026. Special Considerations in Psychiatric Classification and Diagnosis
1027. Psychiatric Diagnosis Today: DSM-5
1028. Diagnostic Criteria and Decision Rules
1029. Thinking Organic
1030. The DSM-5: Other Features
1031. The DSM-5: Criticisms
1032. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)
1033. Normality and Abnormality: A Spectrum of Severity
1034. Mental Illness and the Law: A Controversial Interface
1035. Mental Illness and Violence
1036. Involuntary Commitment
1037. 15.2: Anxiety-Related Disorders: The Many Faces of Worry and Fear
1038. Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Perpetual Worry
1039. Panic Disorder: Terror That Comes Out of the Blue
1040. Phobias: Irrational Fears
1041. Agoraphobia
1042. Specific Phobia and Social Anxiety Disorder
1043. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Enduring Effects of Experiencing Horror
1044. Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Trapped in One’s Thoughts and Behaviors
1045. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
1046. Tourette’s Disorder
1047. The Roots of Pathological Anxiety, Fear, and Repetitive Thoughts and Behaviors
1048. Learning Models of Anxiety: Anxious Responses as Acquired Habits
1049. Catastrophizing, Ambiguity, and Anxiety Sensitivity
1050. Anxiety: Biological Influences
1051. 15.3: Mood Disorders and Suicide
1052. Major Depressive Disorder: Common, But Not the Common Cold
1053. Explanations for Major Depressive Disorder: A Tangled Web
1054. Depression and Life Events
1055. Interpersonal Model: Depression as a Social Disorder
1056. Behavioral Model: Depression as a Loss of Reinforcement
1057. Cognitive Model: Depression as a Disorder of Thinking
1058. Learned Helplessness: Depression as a Consequence of Uncontrollable Events
1059. Depression: The Role of Biology
1060. Bipolar Disorder: When Mood Goes to Extremes
1061. Suicide: Facts and Fictions
1062. 15.4: Personality and Dissociative Disorders: The Disrupted and Divided Self
1063. Personality Disorders
1064. Borderline Personality Disorder: Stable Instability
1065. Borderline Personality: A Volatile Blend of Traits
1066. Explanations of Borderline Personality Disorder
1067. Psychopathic Personality: don’t Judge a Book by its Cover
1068. Psychopathic Personality: A Dangerous Mixture of Traits
1069. Causes of Psychopathic Personality
1070. Dissociative Disorders
1071. Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
1072. Dissociative Amnesia
1073. Dissociative Identity Disorder: Multiple Personalities, Multiple Controversies
1074. 15.5: The Enigma of Schizophrenia
1075. Symptoms of Schizophrenia: The Shattered Mind
1076. Delusions: Fixed False Beliefs
1077. Hallucinations: False Perceptions
1078. Disorganized Speech
1079. Grossly Disorganized Behavior and Catatonia
1080. Explanations for Schizophrenia: The Roots of a Shattered Mind
1081. The Family and Expressed Emotion
1082. Schizophrenia: Brain, Biochemical, and Genetic Findings
1083. Brain Abnormalities
1084. Neurotransmitter Differences
1085. Genetic Influences
1086. Vulnerability to Schizophrenia: Diathesis-Stress Models
1087. 15.6: Childhood Disorders: Recent Controversies
1088. Autism Spectrum Disorders
1089. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder
1090. Symptoms of ADHD
1091. The Controversy Over Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder
1092. Summary: Psychological Disorders
1093. 15.1: Conceptions of Mental Illness: Yesterday and Today
1094. 15.2: Anxiety-Related Disorders: The Many Faces of Worry and Fear
1095. 15.3: Mood Disorders and Suicide
1096. 15.4: Personality and Dissociative Disorders: The Disrupted and Divided Self
1097. 15.5: The Enigma of Schizophrenia
1098. 15.6: Childhood Disorders: Recent Controversies
1099. Chapter 16 Psychological and Biological Treatments Helping People Change
1100. Learning Objectives
1101. 16.1: Psychotherapy: Clients and Practitioners
1102. Who Seeks and Benefits From Treatment?
1103. Gender, Ethnic, and Cultural Differences in Entering Treatment
1104. Reaping Benefits From Treatment
1105. Who Practices Psychotherapy
1106. Professionals Versus Paraprofessionals
1107. Meeting the Needs for Psychological Services: How Well are we Doing?
1108. What does it Take to be an Effective Psycho­therapist?
1109. 16.2: Insight Therapies: Acquiring Understanding
1110. Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Therapies: Freud’s Legacy
1111. Psychoanalysis: Key Ingredients
1112. Developments in Psychoanalysis: The Neo-Freudian Tradition
1113. Is Insight Necessary?
1114. Are Traumatic Memories Repressed?
1115. Psychodynamic Therapies Evaluated Scientifically
1116. Humanistic Therapies: Achieving Our Potential
1117. Person-Centered Therapy: Attaining Acceptance
1118. Gestalt Therapy: Becoming Whole
1119. Existential Therapy
1120. Humanistic Therapies Evaluated Scientifically
1121. 16.3: Group Therapies: The More the Merrier
1122. Alcoholics Anonymous
1123. Controlled Drinking and Relapse Prevention
1124. Family Therapies: Treating the Dysfunctional Family System
1125. Strategic Family Therapy
1126. Structural Family Therapy
1127. 16.4: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches: Changing Maladaptive Actions and Thoughts
1128. Systematic Desensitization and Exposure Therapies: Learning Principles in Action
1129. How Desensitization Works: One Step at a Time
1130. The Effectiveness of Systematic Desensitization
1131. Flooding and Virtual Reality Exposure
1132. Exposure: Fringe and Fad Techniques
1133. Modeling in Therapy: Learning by Watching
1134. Assertion Training
1135. Behavioral Rehearsal
1136. Operant and Classical Conditioning Procedures
1137. Cognitive-Behavioral and Third-Wave Therapies: Learning to Think and Act Differently
1138. The ABCs of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
1139. Other Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
1140. Acceptance: the Third Wave of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
1141. CBT and Third-Wave Approaches Evaluated Scientifically
1142. 16.5: Is Psychotherapy Effective?
1143. The Dodo Bird Verdict: Alive or Extinct?
1144. How Different Groups of People Respond to Psychotherapy
1145. Nonspecific Factors
1146. Empirically Supported Treatments
1147. 16.6 Biomedical Treatments: Medications, Electrical Stimulation, and Surgery
1148. Psychopharmacotherapy: Targeting Brain Chemistry
1149. Cautions To Consider: Dosage and Side Effects
1150. One Dose Doesn’t “Fit All”: Differences in Responses to Medication
1151. Medications on Trial: Harmful and Overprescribed?
1152. Evaluating Psychopharmacotherapy
1153. Electrical Stimulation: Conceptions and Misconceptions
1154. Electroconvulsive Therapy: Fact and Fiction
1155. Transcranial Stimulation
1156. Psychosurgery: An Absolute Last Resort
1157. Summary: Psychological and Biological Treatments
1158. 16.1: Psychotherapy: Clients and Practitioners
1159. 16.2: Insight Therapies: Acquiring Understanding
1160. 16.3: Group Therapies: The More the Merrier
1161. 16.4: Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches: Changing Maladaptive Actions and Thoughts
1162. 16.5: Is Psychotherapy Effective?
1163. 16.6: Biomedical Treatments: Medications, Electrical Stimulation, and Surgery
1164. Glossary
1165. References
1166. Name Index

People also search:

psychology from inquiry to understanding 4th canadian edition

psychology from inquiry to understanding 4th edition online free

psychology from inquiry to understanding 4th canadian edition pdf free

psychology from inquiry to understanding 4th edition pdf reddit

psychology from inquiry to understanding 4th canadian edition pdf