I: THEORIES, MODELS, AND DEFINITIONS
1: Definitions and Epidemiology of Substance Use, Abuse, and Disorders
By C. Aaron McNeece and Lisa B. Johnson
Introduction
Definitions and Myths
Epidemiology
Summary
2: The Etiology of Addiction
Etiological Theories
Stages of Alcoholism
The Course of Cocaine Addiction
A Multicausal Model
Summary
3: The Brain Biology of Drug Abuse and Addiction
By Richard E. Wilcox and Carlton K. Erickson
Introduction: Background on Abuse, Addiction, and Treatment
Terminology
The Genetics of Addiction
Brain Chemistry and the Anatomy of Addiction
Gene Transcription and Altered Protein Expression in Addiction
Sensitization in Addiction
Emotional Learning in Addiction
Addiction Therapy without Medication
Drug Therapy for Addiction
Role of Detoxification in Treating Addiction
Drug Therapy for Reducing Craving
Summary
4: The Physiological and Behavioral Consequences of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
The Effects of Alcohol
The Effects of Cannabis
The Effects of Stimulants
The Effects of Sedatives
The Effects of Narcotics
The Effects of Hallucinogens
The Effects of Inhalants
The Effects of Steroids
The Effects of Drugs on Offspring
Summary
II: INTERVENTION, PREVENTION, AND PUBLIC POLICY
5: Screening, Diagnosis, Assessment, and Referral
Screening
Can People with Alcohol and Drug Problems Be Believed?
Diagnosis
Assessment
Denial, Resistance, and Motivation for Recovery
Ethics of Chemical Dependency Treatment
Referrals
Summary
6: Treatment: The System of Care
Components of the Treatment System
More Treatment Effectiveness Issues
Nontraditional Approaches
Mutual-and Self-Help Programs
Summary
7: Preventing Alcohol and Drug Problems
By C. Aaron McNeece and Machelle D. Madsen
Overview of Prevention
Public Information and Education
Service Measures
Technologic Measures
Legislative, Regulatory, and Economic Measures
Economic Measures
Family and Community Approaches
Spirituality and Religious Factors
Cultural Factors
Summary
8: Regulating Drugs and Their Consequences
Sociocultural Influences on Public Drug Policy
Economic and Political Factors
Changes in Drug-Use Patterns
The Nature of Drug Control
Assumptions Underlying Regulation
Regulation of Alcohol
Control of Illicit Drugs
Drugs, Alcohol, and Crime
Alcohol and Drug Law Violations
Drug Use by Criminals
Drug Use by Crime Victims
Domestic Violence
Drug/Crime Trends in the 21st Century
Summary
III: CHEMICAL DEPENDENCY IN SPECIAL POPULATIONS
9: Treating Substance-Abusing Youth
By Katherine L. Montgomery and David W. Springer
Risk and Protective Factors
Assessment with Substance-Abusing Youth
Treatment with Substance-Abusing Youth
Case Example
Summary
10: Family Systems and Chemical Dependency
By Catherine A. Hawkins and Raymond C. Hawkins, II
A Family Perspective in Theory, Research, and Treatment
Theories on Alcoholism and the Family
Family Systems Theory of Alcoholism and the Family
Codependency and Related Constructs
Assessment and Treatment of Alcoholic Families
Effectiveness of Family Treatment
Case Example
Summary
11: Ethnicity, Culture, and Substance Use Disorders
By Diana M. DiNitto and Eden Hernandez Robles
Substance Use and Abuse among American Indians and Alaska Natives
Substance Use Disorders among American Indians and Alaska Natives
Substance Use and Abuse among African Americans
Substance Use and Abuse among Hispanic Americans
Substance Use and Abuse among Asian and Pacific Islander Americans
Substance Use and Abuse among Jewish Americans
Summary
12: Substance Abuse Treatment with Sexual Minorities
By Catherine Lau Crisp and Diana M. DiNitto
Historical Overview
Substance Abuse in Lesbians and Gay Men
Similarities in Identities
Treatment: Together or Separate?
Gay Affirmative Practice
Treatment with Transgendered and Bisexual Clients
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth
Twelve-Step Groups for Gays and Lesbians
Summary
13: Substance Use Disorders and Co-Occurring Disabilities
By Diana M. DiNitto and Deborah K. Webb
Identification and Attitudes
Substance Use Disorders as a Disability
Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders
Developmental Disabilities and Substance Use Disorders
Mobility Impairments and Substance Use Disorders
Traumatic Brain Injury and Substance Use Disorders
Sensory Disabilities and Substance Use Disorders
Other Physical Disabilities and Substance Use Disorders
Summary
14: Alcohol and Drug Misuse and Abuse in Late Life
By Linda Vinton and Nicole Cesnales
Criteria and Prevalence Estimates
Antecedents and Correlates
Effects
Assessment
Outreach and Treatment
Summary
15: Gender, Substance Use, and Substance Use Disorders
By An-Pyng Sun
Prevalence of Substance Use and Substance Abuse Disorders among Men and Women
Consequences of Substance Use and Substance Abuse Disorders among Men and Women
Etiology and Risk Factors
Substance Abuse Treatment for Men and Women
Summary
IV: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
16: Chemical Dependency: Current Issues and Future Prospects
By C. Aaron McNeece and Diana M. DiNitto
Research
Delivery of Treatment Services
Policy Change
Implications for Education and Training
Summary and Concluding Thoughts
Endnotes
Resources
References
Index
